Right Ascension	00 : 40.4 (h:m)
Declination	+41 : 41 (deg:m)
Distance	2900 (kly)
Visual Brightness	8.5 (mag)
Apparent Dimension	17x10 (arc min)

Discovered by Charles Messier in 1773.

M110 is the second brighter satellite galaxy of the Andromeda galaxy M31, together with M32, and thus a member of the Local Group.

Curiously, this galaxy was discovered by Charles Messier on August 10, 1773, and depicted on his fine drawing of the "Great Andromeda Nebula" and its companions published in 1807, but Messier did never himself include this object in his catalog, due to unknown reasons, perhaps a certain sloppiness in recording. It was the last additional object, added finally by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1966. Independent of Messier's discovery, Caroline Herschel discovered M110 on August 27, 1783, little more than 10 years after Messier, and William Herschel numbered it H V.18 when he cataloged it on October 5, 1784.

The small elliptical galaxy M110 is at about the same distance as the Andromeda galaxy M31 (as confirmed by Walter Baade in 1944, when he resolved it into stars), about 2.9 million light years. It is of Hubble type E5 or E6 and is designated "peculiar" because it shows some unusual dark structure (probably dust clouds). M110 is now often classified as a dwarf spheroid galaxy, not a generic elliptical one (this would make it the first ever known dwarf spheroid, of course). However, as it is much brighter than typical dwarf spheroids, Sidney van dan Bergh has recently introduced the term "Spheroidal Galaxy" for this and similar galaxies, including Local Group members NGC 147 and NGC 185. M110's mass was estimated to be between 3.6 and 15 billion solar masses.

Apparently, despite its comparatively small size, this dwarf elliptical galaxy has also a remarkable system of 8 globular clusters in a halo around it. The brightest of them, G73, is of about 15th magnitude and thus within the reach of large amateur telescopes; Steve Gottlieb has observed it with a 44-cm telescope together with M31 globulars, and amateurs at the Ferguson Observatory near Kenwood, CA obtained a CCD image showing 7 of them with their 14-inch Newtonian and CB245 CCD camera (via the M31 GC images page).

Observing Reports for M110 (IAAC Netastrocatalog)

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Hartmut Frommert (spider@seds.org)
Christine Kronberg (smil@lrz.uni-muenchen.de)

Last Modification: 9 Dec 1999, 22:59 MET