John Bevis (1695- Nov 6, 1771)

Born in Old Sarum in Wiltshire, England, John Bevis was a physician and amateur astronomer. He was the original discoverer of the Crab Nebula, M1 which he had observed in 1731 27 years before Messier's own independent rediscovery. He is reported to have observed an occultation by Venus of Mercury on May 28, 1737, and observed and found a prediction rule for eclipses of Jupiter's moons.

In 1738 he set up a private observatory at Stock Newington, North London, from where he made observations for his own star atlas, Uranographia Britannica, which he completed in 1750. Unfortunately, the publisher went bankrupt after engraving the 52 plates, and only very few printings had been made (in 1750; it was eventually published posthumously, in 1786, from the plates engraved in 1748-50).

This atlas contains the "nebulae" M1, M11, M13, M22, M31, and M35, which Bevis must have known about; this indicates that he might be the original discoverer of M35 also (this is usually assigned to De Chéseaux). Charles Messier had access to a copy of this work, and consequently, added references to this work in the corresponding entries in his catalog.

Bevis is one of only two persons in Britain who are known to have observed comet Halley on its first predicted return in 1759: He observed it on May 1 and 2, 1759 after its perihelion; the other British observer, also physician, was Nicholas Munckley who saw it on the same dates.

From somewhen in the 1760s until shortly before his death, Bevis was in correspondence with Charles Messier, and translated some of Messier's earlier observing reports and publications for publication in the Philosophical Transactions.

John Bevis died on November 6, 1771 at age 76, from injuries received in a tragic accident when falling from his telescope.

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